Mgwirizano wa Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), mgwirizano waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse wa malonda aulere, unayamba kugwira ntchito tsiku loyamba la 2022. RCEP imaphatikizapo mamembala 10 a ASEAN, China, Japan, Republic of Korea, Australia ndi New Zealand.Chiwerengero chonse cha mayiko 15, ndalama zonse zapakhomo ndi malonda zimatengera pafupifupi 30 peresenti ya dziko lonse lapansi.RCEP ikayamba kugwira ntchito, maiko omwe ali membala amatha kusangalala ndi mitengo yamtengo wapatali akamatumiza katundu kunja.Kodi idzabweretsa zosintha zina zatsopano?
Maphunziro ndi zomwe zili pazokambirana za RCEP
RCEP inaperekedwa ndi kuyambitsidwa kwa nthawi yoyamba pa 21th ASEAN Summit ku 2012. Cholinga ndi kukhazikitsa mgwirizano wamalonda waulere ndi msika wogwirizana mwa kuchepetsa msonkho ndi zolepheretsa zopanda malire.Kukambitsirana kwa RCEP kumaphatikizapo malonda a katundu, malonda a ntchito, ndalama ndi malamulo, ndipo maiko omwe ali mamembala a RCEP ali ndi magawo osiyanasiyana a chitukuko cha zachuma, kotero amakumana ndi zovuta zamitundu yonse pazokambirana.
Maiko omwe ali mamembala a RCEP ali ndi anthu 2.37 biliyoni, omwe amawerengera 30.9% ya anthu onse, omwe amawerengera 29.9% ya GDP yapadziko lonse lapansi.Kuchokera pamikhalidwe yapadziko lonse lapansi yogulitsira kunja ndi kugulitsa kunja, zogulitsa kunja zimapanga 39.7% yazinthu zomwe zimatumizidwa padziko lonse lapansi ndi 25.6%.Mtengo wamalonda pakati pa mayiko omwe ali mamembala a RCEP ndi pafupifupi 10.4 trillion USD, zomwe zimawerengera 27.4% yapadziko lonse lapansi.Zitha kupezeka kuti maiko omwe ali membala wa RCEP amakhala okonda kutumiza kunja, ndipo gawo lazogulitsa kunja ndilochepa.Pakati pa maiko 15, China ndi yomwe ili ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri lazogula ndi kutumiza kunja padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zimawerengera 10.7% yazogulitsa kunja ndi 24% yazogulitsa kunja mu 2019, kutsatiridwa ndi 3.7% yazogulitsa ndi kutumiza kunja ku Japan, 2.6% yazogulitsa ku South Korea ndi 2.8% yazogulitsa kunja.Mayiko khumi a ASEAN amatenga 7.5% ya zogulitsa kunja ndi 7.2% ya zogulitsa kunja.
India idachoka pa mgwirizano wa RCEP, koma ngati India alowa nawo mtsogolo, mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mgwirizanowu idzakulitsidwa.
Mphamvu ya Pangano la RCEP pa nsalu ndi zovala
Pali kusiyana kwakukulu kwachuma pakati pa mayiko omwe ali mamembala, ambiri a iwo ndi mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene, ndipo Japan, New Zealand, Australia, Singapore ndi South Korea ndi mayiko otukuka okha.Kusiyana kwachuma pakati pa mayiko omwe ali membala wa RCEP kumapangitsanso kusinthana kwa katundu kukhala kosiyana.Tiyeni tiyang'ane pazochitika za nsalu ndi zovala.
Mu 2019, nsalu ndi zovala zotumizidwa kunja kwa mayiko omwe ali membala wa RCEP zinali 374.6 biliyoni za USD, zomwe zimawerengera 46.9% yapadziko lonse lapansi, pomwe zogulitsa kunja zinali 138.5 biliyoni USD, zomwe zimawerengera 15.9% yapadziko lonse lapansi.Chifukwa chake zitha kuwoneka kuti nsalu ndi zovala za mayiko omwe ali membala wa RCEP ndizongotengera kunja.Monga makampani opanga nsalu ndi zovala m'maiko omwe ali membala sanali otsimikizika, kupanga ndi kutsatsa kwa nsalu ndi zovala kunalinso kosiyana, komwe Vietnam, Cambodia, Myanmar, Indonesia ndi madera ena a ASEAN anali makamaka ogulitsa kunja, komanso China.Singapore, Brunei, Philippines, Japan, South Korea, Australia ndi New Zealand anali ogulitsa kunja.RCEP itayamba kugwira ntchito, mitengo yamitengo pakati pa mayiko omwe ali mamembala idzachepetsedwa kwambiri ndipo ndalama zamalonda zidzatsika, ndiye kuti mabizinesi am'deralo sangakumane ndi mpikisano wapakhomo, komanso mpikisano wamitundu yakunja udzakhala wowonekera, makamaka msika waku China ndiwopanga wamkulu komanso wamkulu. wogulitsa kunja pakati pa mayiko omwe ali mamembala, ndipo mtengo wopangira nsalu ndi zovala ku Southeast Asia ndi madera ena mwachiwonekere ndi wotsika kuposa wa China, kotero kuti zinthu zina zidzakhudzidwa ndi malonda akunja.
Kutengera ndi kutengera ndi kutumiza kunja kwa nsalu ndi zovala m'maiko akuluakulu omwe ali membala, kupatula New Zealand, South Korea ndi Japan, maiko ena omwe ali membala makamaka amatumiza kunja zovala, zowonjezeredwa ndi nsalu, pomwe mawonekedwe otengera kunja ali pa mosiyana.Cambodia, Myanmar, Vietnam, Laos, Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand, China ndi Malaysia makamaka amatumiza nsalu.Kuchokera pa izi, titha kuwona kuti kutsika kwa ogwiritsira ntchito zovala zogwirira ntchito kudera la ASEAN kunali kolimba, ndipo mpikisano wake wapadziko lonse wakhala ukuwonjezeka m'zaka zaposachedwa, koma unyolo wamafakitale wakumtunda sunali wangwiro ndipo unalibe zopangira zake zopangira ndi theka. -zomaliza.Chifukwa chake, kumtunda ndi kumtunda kudali kodalira kwambiri zogula kuchokera kunja, pomwe madera otukuka monga Japan ndi South Korea makamaka amagulitsa nsalu ndi zovala, zomwe zinali malo ogulitsa kwambiri.Zoonadi, pakati pa mayiko omwe ali mamembalawa, China sichinali malo akuluakulu opangira zinthu komanso malo akuluakulu ogwiritsira ntchito, ndipo unyolo wa mafakitale unali wangwiro, kotero pali mwayi ndi zovuta zonse pambuyo pa kuchepetsa msonkho.
Tikayang'ana zomwe zili mu mgwirizano wa RCEP, mgwirizano wa RCEP utatha, zingathandize kuchepetsa mitengo yamtengo wapatali ndikukwaniritsa kudzipereka kuti mutsegule ntchito, ndipo zoposa 90% ya malonda a katundu m'deralo pamapeto pake adzakwaniritsa ziro tariff. .Pambuyo pochepetsa mitengo yamitengo, mtengo wamalonda pakati pa mayiko omwe ali membala umachepa, motero mpikisano wamayiko omwe ali membala wa RCEP umayenda bwino, motero zimathandizira kukula kwazakudya, pomwe kupikisana kwa nsalu ndi zovala zochokera kuzinthu zazikulu zopanga monga India. , Bangladesh, Turkey ndi maziko ena akuluakulu opanga adatsika mu RCEP.Nthawi yomweyo, mayiko omwe amapangira nsalu ndi zovala kuchokera ku EU ndi US ndi China, ASEAN ndi zida zina zazikulu zopangira nsalu ndi zovala.M'mikhalidwe yomweyi, kuthekera kwa zinthu zomwe zikuyenda pakati pa mayiko omwe ali mamembala kumawonjezeka, zomwe zimayika mphamvu ku EU ndi US ndi misika ina.Kuphatikiza apo, zotchinga zachuma pakati pa mayiko omwe ali mamembala a RCEP zatsika, ndipo ndalama zakunja zikuyembekezeka kukwera.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-10-2022